Thus, developing new anode materials to replace the traditional graphite anode is essential for overcoming the existing bottlenecks regarding the circulation and safety of LIBs. However, commercial graphite anode materials are limited by short lifespan and poor safety performance, thereby limiting further development of LIBs 4, 5, 6. Over the past decade, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively applied across various fields, due to their advantageous high energy density, long lifespan, rapid charge–discharge, and other advantages 1, 2, 3. Notably, since this preparation process requires no additional Fe source as a raw material, it is simple, cost-effective, and suitable for large-scale production and further application.

Moreover, EIS experiments indicate that the incorporation of Fe and carbon lowers the charge transfer resistance and improves the diffusion and migration of Li +. FLTO/C, presents a capacity of 153.79 mAh g −1 at 10 C, and the capacity decay per cycle is only 0.0074% after 1000 cycles at 5 C. Results show that Fe 2+ replaces a portion of Ti 4+ after doping, leading to an increase in the LTO cell parameters and the corresponding cell volume. The presence of the Fe-dopant is confirmed through XRD, with Rietveld refinement and EDS experiments. This work presents a novel synthesis procedure to synthesize carbon-coated Fe-doped LTO composites through carbon reduction, in the presence of Fe-containing industrial H 2TiO 3 as the titanium source, and glucose as the carbon source. However, its extensive application is limited by a high comprehensive cost, poor electronic conductivity, and other inherent defects. Spinel Li 4Ti 5O 12 (LTO) is a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery anodes because of its exceptional stability and safety.

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